Horseshoe Crabs
17-03-2023
1 min read
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Overview:
Scientists have recently urged the Odisha government to immediately come up with a robust protection mechanism before the Horseshoe crabs (living fossil) become extinct due to destructive fishing practices.
About Horseshoe crabs:
- The horseshoe crab is a marine chelicerate arthropod living in shallow coastal waters on soft sandy or muddy bottoms and spawns mostly on intertidal beaches at summer-spring high tides.
- The Chelicerata is a division within the Arthropoda, containing animals such as spiders, scorpions, harvestmen, mites and ticks. Like all arthropods, they have a segmented body and segmented limbs and a thick chitinous cuticle called an exoskeleton.
- It is known as a marine ‘living fossil’.
- There are four extant horseshoe crab species:
- The American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) along the eastern coast of the USA and in the Gulf of Mexico,
- The tri-spine horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus),
- The coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas)
- The mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)
- The last three are Indo-Pacific species found mainly in the coastal waters of India, Southeast Asia, China and Japan.
- Odisha is the largest habitat of horseshoe crabs in India.
- Conservation status in India
- Wildlife Protection Act 1972: Schedule IV
- IUCN Status
- American horseshoe crab: Vulnerable
- Tri-spine horseshoe crab: Endangered
- The two other species are not listed yet
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Q1) What is an arthropod?
An “arthropod” is an invertebrate animal that has an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages. The following families of organisms are all examples of arthropods. Examples : Spiders and scorpions.
Source: Horseshoe crabs’ disappearing off Odisha has scientists alarmed