What is Eucalyptus?

About Eucalyptus:

• It is a large genus of more than 660 species of shrubs and tall trees of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae).
• Some of the tallest trees in the world are eucalypti.
• It is native to Australia, Tasmania, and nearby islands.
• In Australia, the eucalypti are commonly known as gum trees or stringybark trees. 
• Many species are cultivated widely in many areas of the world as shade trees or in forestry plantations. 
• Features:
  • It has a gum-infused bark, long stems, and circular leaves that are hard to digest if eaten whole.
  • Small flowers grow on eucalyptus trees. They come in many colors, including white, yellow, and shades of red. 
  • Eucalypti also have small woody capsules. Inside the capsules are seeds.
• Uses:
  • It is widely used for its medicinal properties.
• Some eucalyptus leaves contain an oil that has a strong smell.
• It is useful to treat a variety of common diseases and also works amazingly when applied topically in diluted form.
• The main compound of eucalyptus oil is cineole, also known as eucalyptol. The oil also contains flavonoids and tannins, which acts as anti-inflammatory and antioxidants.
• It is known for its ability to relieve congestion and ease breathing in colds.
• It is also used as a pain reliever for sore and overextended muscles.
• It is an excellent topical remedy for aching joints and rheumatism. It helps improve blood circulation.
  • Eucalyptus wood is tough and durable. It is used to build things such as furniture and fences. 
• Eucalyptus Plantations in India:
  • Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus hybrid are the two most widely planted eucalypts in India.
  • It is widely grown in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujrat, Haryana, Mysore, Kerala, and in the Nilgiri Hill.
  • It grows well in deep, fertile, well-drained loamy soil with adequate moisture.

Q1: What are flavonoids?

Flavonoids are phytochemical compounds present in many plants, fruits, vegetables, and leaves, with potential applications in medicinal chemistry. Flavonoids possess a number of medicinal benefits, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. They also have neuroprotective and cardio-protective effects.

Source: The controversy over eucalyptus planting in Kerala | Explained